"PAPER ABOUT NOUN"
by Abdul hasyim, Asriadi, Febrina, Juwita, Kasiyanti, Namira, n Reni Wisna
NOUN
A. The Definition of Noun
A noun, in English grammar, is a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, idea, or concept. There are more nouns in the English Language than any other kind of words. For more information and examples visit What is a Noun? It covers formation of plural nouns, common and proper nouns, concrete and abstract nouns, collective nouns, compound nouns, the functions of nouns in sentences and more.
B. The Kinds of Noun
In English, there are two kinds of noun is that:
1. Abstract Nouns
There are four ways to make abstract nouns is that :
a. Adjectives + -ness, -ce, -cy, -ity
| Kind Glad Pure True Able Ego Wise Vacant Silent Free | Kindness Gladness Purity Truth Ability Egoism Wisdom Vacancy Silence Freedom |
b. Verbs + -ion, -tion, -ment, -ance, -age
| To discuss To act To attend To agree To assist To carry To marry To arrive To essent To rob To advise | Discussion Action Attention Agreement Assistance Carriage Marriage Arrival Essential Robbery Advisor |
c. Verbs = abstract nouns
| To talk To work To love To help | Talk Work Love Help |
d. Nouns + -hood, -ship, -cy
| Child Mother Friend Owner Agent Slave | Childhood Motherhood Friendship Ownership Agency Slavery |
2. Concrete Nouns are consist of four kinds is that:
a. Proper nouns or special nouns
· Name of person such as Ali, Hasan, Mary, John, etc
· Name of place such as Jakarta, London, Indonesia, England, etc
· Name of month such as January, February, March, April, May, June, etc
· Name of day such as Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, etc
b. Common nouns or general nouns
· Person such as king, queen, teacher, student, boy, girl, doctor, etc
· Animals such as snake, rabbit, cat, dog, chicken, etc
· Places such as school, house, store, room, city, lake, etc
· Nature such as sun, moon, earth, sky, star, stone, planet, etc
· Vehicle such as car, bus, bicycle, train, truck, etc
· Tools such as axe, saw, hammer, spade, etc
· Plants such as tree, flower, potato, apple, orange, pear, grape, etc
· Cloths such as hat, shirt, skirt, blouse, jacket, dress, etc
c. Collective nouns
· Person such as a party of friends, a team of scientist, a gang of thieves, etc
· Animals such as a swam of bees, a flock of sheep, a troop of lions, etc
· Things such as a set of tools, a bunch of keys, a bunch of grape, a bunch of banana, a bunch of magazines, a pack of cigarettes, etc
d. Material nouns
· Kind of metal such as golod, silver, copper, steel, etc
· Kind of liquid and gas such as oil, beer, milk, water, air, smoke, steam, etc
· Raw materials such as cotton, paper, chalk, thread, wool, glass, silk, etc
· Foodstuffs such as salt, rice, flour, bread, cheese, butter, coffee, sugar, etc
C. The Type of Nouns
There are two kind of noun is that:
1. Countable noun
A countable noun (or count noun) is a noun with both a singular and a plural form, and it names anything (or anyone) that you can count. You can make a countable noun plural and attach it to a plural verb in a sentence. Countable nouns are the opposite of non-countable nouns and collective nouns.
a. In the singular, they can be preceded by a/an or one
b. They have a plural form: -s or –es
List of countable noun:
| With count nouns | Usage Example |
| a, an the some
any this that
these
those
none
one
many
a lot of
a (large/ great) number of a few
fewer…than more…than | A University, a school, a chair An umbrella, an hour, an orange The boy, the girl, the man Some books, some pens, some notebooks Any This table, this pencil, this pen That building, that bag, that watch
These veils, these skirts, these shirts Those ties, those shoes, those doors None of the student, none of the teacher, none of the lecturer One window, one dictionary, one mouth Many tasks, many cases, many cakes A lot of apples, a lot of mangoes, a lot of pears A great number of house A few student, a few teacher, a few headmaster I have fewer assignment than you She has more fiction books than non fiction books |
2. Uncountable noun
a. They are not immediately preceded by an/an or one
b. They do not have a plural form (no final –s is added)
Some common uncountable nouns; whole groups made up of individual parts
Clothing homework grammar
Equipment housework slang
Food work vocabulary
Fruit
Furniture advice corn
Garbage information dirt
Hardware news dust
Jewelry flour
Machinery history grass
Mail literature hair
Makeup music pepper
Money cash/change poetry rice
Postage salt
Scenery English, Arabic, Chinese, etc sand
Stuff (name of language) sugar
Traffic wheat
List of uncountable noun
| With uncountable nouns | Usage Example |
| The Some Any This That
None
Much(usually in negatives or question) A lot of
Large amount of (a) Little
Less…than More…than | The wind, the sea, the lake Some water, some milk, some tea Any ink, any sand, any news This soap, this air, this meat That money, that air, that advertising None water, none information, none economics Much water, much money, much food A lot of money, a lot of meat, a lot of news Large amount of politics A little sand, a little milk, a little water I drink less coffe than tea I drink more milk than softdrink
|
|
| Singular | Plural |
| Countable Noun | A glass One glass | Glasses Two glasses Three glasses Several glasses A lot of glasses Many glasses A few glasses |
| Uncountable Noun | fruit Some fruit A lot of fruit Much fruit A little fruit | Ø |
Example:
My father sees a unique glass in the shop (countable noun)
I bring some books to the class (countable noun)
She does many assignment for her Friday class (countable noun)
My mother buys some fruit (uncountable noun)
Cindy got an accident last night (uncountable noun)
We eat some food in the café (uncountable noun)
D. Numbers of nouns
1. Regular nouns become plural
a. singular + s
| Book Car Answer Etc | Books Cars Answers |
b. Singular + es
| Glass Dress Brush Watch Address Etc | Glasses Dresses Brushes Watches Addresses |
c. Singular---Ø y --- i + es
| Lady Butterfly History Army Baby Etc | Ladies Butterflies Histories Armies Babies
|
d. Singular---O y --- + s
| Monkey Turkey Donkey Play Etc | Monkeys Turkeys Donkeys Plays |
e. Singular---f/fe --- ves
| Wife Knife Thief Leaf Wolf Life Etc | Wives Kives Thieves Leaves Wolves Lives
|
Exception:
Chief : chiefs
Roof : roofs
Proof : proofs
Gulf : gulfs
f. Singular--- “o”--- + s/es
| Radio Piano Photo Studio Tattoo Etc | Radios Pianos Photos Studios Tattoos |
g. Compoundnouns
| Father in law Step mother Girl friend Young lady Son in law | Fathers in law Step mothers Girl friends Young ladies Sons in law |
2. Irregular Nouns become Plural
Study these groups of words to learn how they change to plural. Each group of words has similar changes.
a) US -> I
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Alumnus | alumni |
| Cactus | cacti |
| Focus | foci/focuses |
| Fungus | fungi/funguses |
| Nucleus | nuclei |
| Radius | radii |
| Stimulus | stimuli |
b) IS -> ES
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Axis | axes |
| Analysis | analyses |
| Basis | bases |
| Crisis | crises |
| Diagnosis | diagnoses |
| Ellipsis | ellipses |
| Hypothesis | hypotheses |
| Oasis | oases |
| Paralysis | paralyses |
| Parenthesis | parentheses |
| Synthesis | syntheses |
| Synopsis | synopses |
| Thesis | theses |
c) IX -> ICES
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Appendix | appendices |
| Index | indeces/indexes |
| Matrix | matrices/matrixes |
d) EAU -> EAUX
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Beau | beaux |
| Bureau | bureaus/bureaux |
| Tableau | tableaux/tableaus |
e) *** -> EN
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Child | children |
| Man | men |
| Ox | oxen |
| Woman | women |
f) *** -> A
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Bacterium | bacteria |
| Corpus | corpora |
| Criterion | criteria |
| Curriculum | curricula |
| Datum | data |
| Genus | genera |
| Medium | media |
| Memorandum | memoranda |
| Phenomenon | phenomena |
| Stratum | strata |
g) NO CHANGE
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Deer | deer |
| Fish | fish |
| Means | means |
| Offspring | offspring |
| Series | series |
| Sheep | sheep |
| Species | species |
h) OO -> EE
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Foot | feet |
| Goose | geese |
| Tooth | teeth |
i) A -> AE
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Antenna | antennae/antennas |
| Formula | formulae/formulas |
| Nebula | nebulae |
| Vertebra | vertebrae |
| Vita | vitae |
j) OUSE -> ICE
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Louse | lice |
| Mouse | mice |
CONCLUSION
According to discussion before, We can conclude that countable and uncountable nouns as noun that shows subject in the sentence. We know that form of sentence are consist of subject and verb. Subject bring us to be able to determine words’ position balancing with the verb. If we make wrong speculation at the first when we deciding subject, it will make big effect for the verb also the sentence.
So, discussing countable and uncountable nouns may teach and give us more knowledge to be able to determine also decide the position subject and verb in one sentence.
REFERENCE
Adi, dkk. Wahana English Training Center basic 1. Payakumbuh: Wahana Course
Azar, Schrampfer, Azar.1992. Fundamental of English Grammar. New Jersey: Regents/Prentice Hall.
Jhauhari, Imam. 1996. Mastery on English Grammar. Surabaya: Penerbit Indah
Lado. 2008. practical Complete English Grammar. Jakarta: Titik terang
Lou, Robby. 2006. TOEFL Preparation Guide English Grammar. Jakarta: V-Print
Nur, Razak.Tense & Other Structure. Rengat : Reza English Course
Pyle, Michea, dkk. 2005. TOEFL Preparation & Guide. Delhi: Nice Printing Press
